Machine for raising spines



Juli 25, 1944 H. G. -BARTT I 2,354,298

- y MACHINE Foa RAISING sPINEs Filed Feb. 9,'1940 7 sheets-sheet 1 July25,1944. H; G. BARRETT 2,354,293

MACHINE FOR RAIsING SPINES 'Y Filed Feb. 9, 1940 7 sheets-sheet 2 July25, 1944. v H. G. BARRETT x Y 2,354,298 MACHINE FOR lRASING SPINES v v vFiledv Feb. 9, 1940 v 7 sheelts-sheet :s @5 I 75 July 25, 1944. H. G.BARRETT" i 2,354,298

MACHINE FOR RAISING sPINEs 4 Filed Feb. 9, 1940 '7 sheets-sheet 4 I l ll l -1 l July`25, 1944. G. BARRETT MACHINE FOR RAISING SPINES Filed Feb.9, 1940 7 sheets-sheet l5 www,

Hllllf- /f Il l l zUe/zf Qf/@ZZL l l l l July 25, 1944. H.'G. BARRETTheats-'Sheet 6 Patented July 25, 1944 UNITED ASTATE-s PATENT, OFFICEMAcniNE 'non m1.\1s `1l\1ofg silNrsv-v vHarold A.l-Sharr'ett, hicag'og.Illv.,-. assigner "to Thermek Corporation, Chicago, Ill., a corpora.- Atin Delaware.; 1

1940. serial The invention relates Ito the fabrication of Stock Withintegral spines for heatLtransfer 91er ments. One obj ect chine forproducing sheets with Vintegral"spines' 1 of the invention is toprovidey aj-rnafj'k for' use in heat transfer elements and forfthecommercialA production of such elements.

Another object of the inventionis to provideA a machine/for raisingspines froma sheet fof ribbed stock. l Otherl vobjects of the from thedetailed description.r

The invention consistsin the several novelfea-jy invention WillV appeartures which are hereinafter set'fforth and are V more particularlydeineduby claims at the corr-lv clusion hereof.

In'the drawings: Fig. lisa side elevation of a machine for practicingthe improved method'and'- embodying the invention. Fig; 2 is a plan,parts being shown in section. Fig. B'is a vertical'trans-- verse sectiontaken on 'line 3-3 of Fig. 1'. Fig.

4 isa section taken on line 4-4 of Fig. Figi-g5 is va vlongitudinalsectionillustrating' thel spine'- cuttingand shaping mechanism in theVpositions j assumed` at f the' commencement ofV fa Hcutting stroke.Fig.-6 is alon'gitudinalsection illustrating the spine cutting andshaping'mechanism at theend of'af cutting stroke. Fig. 7 is* apersizec-`tive', partsy being shown in section, illustrating 1 the mechanism foroperating the cutter "trans-1VL versely of the ribs on the' sheet'ofstock. Fig.'

fac

is a perspective 0f a Shed 01Stockafte'rY t efispines have been raisedon a portion threo'f.*' Figs. 9, 10, `and 11 are detaillongitudinalsection' a1 views illustrating the spine cutting'l andshapfing mechanism in successive positions,` assumed. Fig. 12 is an enlargedsection of stool; illustrata ing the'lines of successive-cutsthroughtheribsi on the stock in forming the spines.'

In carrying out the method, sheetffof'metal stock is used which isprovided withianimpel. forate thin web a and integrallongitudinall ribsy.

a1 with intermediate grooves azwhicharejparal-Qf lel and extend from endto end ofthel sheet; T.`n`e 4 sheet may-be of any desirediength'and-fofv any suitable metal. Rows of spines a3v are succes-,j

sively cut from the stock in the ribs al and v,raisedI or'shaped to formextended surfaceson thev sheet for heat-transfer. The ribbedstockfispreferably i* produced by rolling the'metal to form the groovesand ribs on the sheet. The sides'of thei'ibs' aref upwardly convergent.Y The spines are produced" byv vcuts extending' transversely across theribs'l and-'bending the slivers'-upv'var;1ly"'to` pirojectj-ltransverselyI from the -f sheet-'to vprovide heat transfer members oiahigh ratio of,` exposed area to the mass. Thecutscommence at the topface of`, 'the ribs and gradually extend to the bottom of .the ribs and,as lthe cut` continues, the 'slivers are'c'urve'd4 orybent upwardly andthen shaped to extendsubstantially at vright'angles to the web of thesheet. I'he .tipsfof the spines are pointed, as at a4; As'an example'of.a wall of high heattransfer efficiency, thei web a may be` 31E inthickness and ribsf ggf across the basej are cut and'shap'ed: intospines' gli in thickness and "A" inlengthgfInthe finished heat-exchangeelevent purposes.

"I Thev machine ,j exemplifying kone for carrying out the'gmethod,compri-ses .a suitable frame composediof -siclesjZll anda ,crossmember2l rigidly secured tothe sidesby bolts 22. A flat worksu'pporting bed 23extends v acrossthe top of, and

iis"ri gidly secured to, side-'frames 20, and extends across the top' ofcrossfm`ember2l and is adapted fto rigidly s'upportthe sheet to befabricated. The plain face1of the webfa lis'placed on, and is f eiover,lvthe Worksllpporting plate 23 and `be- .tween guide-strips-Mon the topof said plate, vso

thattheribbed face willbe'on top. This workplate serves to rigidlysupport the stock throughcnt itsfentire area'tiuringv the-fabrication ofthe spinedelement/L k v f vcutter-blade 21'is`movable over the top ofthe-sheetand'isprovided witha cutting edge 28 at-'its front1 "which`- isadapted to simultaneously cut spines from allof the ribs on thesheet a.The cutter isopera'tedto travel longitudinally'of lthe 'entire'series ofribsto'cuta'cross and transversely throughvthe tops thereof and at aslight angle" to' the plane of lthe sheet a, as illustrated in Fig, 12;tOClltjjfslivers' of greater length than the spacingfbetween'the,rootsof the spines sand is alsov operated tran'svex's'elyfof the lribs toproduce a `shearing',action offthe blade across theribs'.; The.' cutter'bla'de 1-21. is Yremovably mounted for replacement iriaslidablecross-head 29 which is transversely'slid'able in' a Adovetailedguide-30 ina carriera-p Carrier 3| isrig'imy cut. Arms 33 are shifted ontheir fulcrums tooperate knife 21, cutterhead 29 and carrier 30 back andforth by mechanism which'compri'ses a cross-shaft 43 journaled inframe-sides 20 and to which arm 42 is fixed, arms I44', keyed to theends of shaft 43 which project from the framesides 29, respectively, andlinks 45 which are pivoted at 46 to the upper ends of arms 44 and at 41to the supporting-arms 33. Shaft 38 is cori tinuously driven bypowerfrom an electric motor y49 by suitable speed-reducing mechanism,which comprises a pulley 5|)` on the shaft of the mo' tor, a belt 5|driven by .pulley 50, a pulley 52 driven by belt 5| and xed to across-shaft 53` which is journaled in frame-sides 20, a pinion 54 fixedto shaft 53, and a gear 55 meshing with pinion 54 and fixed to the shaft38 of the eccentric 39. Each revolution of shaft 38 will cause theeccentric 39 to impart a complete back-and' forth working stroke to thecarrier 3|, cross-head 29, and cutter 21 to cause the/cutter-blade'topenetrate the ribs a1 of the stock during the advance of thecutting-edge 28. The advancing stroke is terminated as theknife-edgereaches the upper face of the web a or the bottomof the ribsa1, so that the slivers will remain integral with the web. Thecutter-blade is retracted and raised above the ribs for successive cuts.The work is advanced a distance equal to that desired between the row ofspines during the back stroke of'theI cutter-blade. The blade, being xedto be advanced and retracted by pivotal movement of arms 33, which arefulcrumed at their lower ends on studs 34, causes the cutting-edge 2,8toA traverse a slightly curved path, as indicated in Fig. 12. During theadvance and'retraction of blade 2,1, it will be operated transversely ofthe ribs to cause the cuttingfedge to move trans versely through theribsa2 and produce a shearing action in raising the spines from the ribs,`

by sliding the cross-head 29,y which carries the knife 21, transverselyin its guide 30 in the. car-V rier 3|. For this purpose, blocks 51 aresecured to the sides of bed 23 V(Fig. 7 and are provided With parallelinclined side-faces or tracks 58 and rollers 59 arejournaled inv blocks69, which are Xed to the ends of the cross-head 29. During each forwardstroke of carrier 3|, cross-head 29 and cutter 21, and the inclinedfaces 58 of blocks 59 will slide the cross-head 29 transversely in i onedirection and, during the retractile stroke of the knife, will shift thecross-head and knife inA reverse direction. This cutting-mechanism isadapted to simultaneously cut a row vof spines from all of the ribs alduring each forward stroke of the knife and then retracts the cutter fora." succeeding cutting-stroke during which the sheet stock ontheWork-plate 23A and also Ito adapt` of stock is advanced a distance equalto the spac.-r y

ing between the roots of the spines.

During the cutting-stroke of the cutter it 'is necessary to hold' thestock flat and Vstationary on the 'Work-bed 23 to prevent the unbucklingof the sheet. For this purpose, a pair of verti-y callyreciprocable,presser-bars 62, 63 vare prof;

4frame-sides 20. y presser-bars 62, 63 Lto intermittently clamp thevided for clamping vthe sheet flatly on bed 23 rearwardly of the cutter.These bars extend transversely across the machine above the sheet andare forced against the top-faces of the ribs of the sheet to clamp thelatter solidly on the bed-plate 23. Bar 62 is carried by a pair of legs64 which are vertically slidable in guideways formedA between framesides29 and the sides of cross-members 2|. Presser-,bar 63 is provided withlegs 65 which are mounted to slide vertically in guideways betweencross-member 2| and The mechanism for shifting the stockV against thetop-face of work-bed 23 during the cutting-strokes, and to release thestock,

comprises a pair of cams 65, which are fixed to rotate with'shaft 38,which drives the eccentric 39 for operating the cutter-head; arms 66which are secured to a cross-shaft 61 which is fulcrumed in theframe-sides 20; links 68 pivoted to the distal end of arms 66 andbell-crank levers 69, respectively, which levers are pivoted at 10 tothe upper end of the links 68, a cross-shaft 1| to Which levers 69 arefixed, and bars 12 which are mounted for horizontal sliding movement inthe sides of cross-members 2|, respectively. The upwardly extendingmembersof bell-crank lever 69 are provided with rollers 13 which engageshoulders 14 on bar 12. One end of each of the bars 12 is guided in abearing 15. 'I'he cams 65 impart intermittent horizontal slidingmovementto bars 12. Bars 12 are provided with horizontal slots 16 in which areconfined rollers 11 which are carried by studs 18 which are xedly heldin the upper ends o fV toggle-links 19. The lower ends of links 19a`repivoted at 80 to the lower ends of legs 64. on presser-bar 62. Legs 65of presser-bar 63 are similarly connected to, and shifted by, bar 12.During the initial portion of the advancing stroke of the cutter 21,cams 65 will voperate arms 66, links 68, bell-crank levers 69 to shiftbars 12 forwardly so that the lower ends of links 18 will be forceddownwardly and, through the. legs on presser-bars 62, 63, will force thelatter into clamping-engagement 'with the work. Cam 65 is adapted tohold these presser-bars into such engagement until the cutting-strokehas been completed and to retract bar 12 during the'retractile stroke ofthe cutter so lth'tttzthe presser-barswill reelase the work for forwardfeeding movement. Springs 8| are applied to arms 66 tol hold link 68 inengagement withV cam 65, and to lift the presser-bars 62, 63 undercontrol of cam 65. Links 68 include turnbuckles 682L so` that the strokeof presser-bars `62 and 63y can beaccurately adjusted to clamp the themfor clamping stock of different thicknesses. Presser-bars 62, 63 clampthe sheet against forward movement by the cutter, which subjects thesheettotensile stresses. y r v In addition-to. clamping the sheet-tofthev bed 23 behind the cutter, itis necessary to clamp`l the sheetagainst thebed in advance of the cut*- -ter, to lprevent' the sheet frombeing buckled in front ofthe knife during the cutting strokes. For thispurpose, a bar 82, the flower edgel of which,A is adapted to be-pressedbehindthe previ-1 ously cut row of spines, is secured Vto a cross-head85, which is reciprocated vertically tointermit-V tently clamp the sheetvand permit the `row :of

spines last formed-tro pass thereunder'.v Crosshead isvsecured ,to theupperl ends of legsv86 which are slidably mounted in guideways formedinthe sides of cross-member 2|. This crosshead isi operated verticallyby toggle-links .81

which arev pivoted at88y-to horizontally recip-` rocating bars 12 andvare connected by studs 89 to the lower endspf legs 86. During eachforward strokej of bars 12, cross-head 85 and bar.

82 willy be lowered and, during the retractile movementv of the cutter,they will be raised by links 81. sheet forwardly of the cutter andof therow of spines being cut to secure the clamped sheet to the bed 23 atthat Vpoint during the cutting of the slivers from ribs al. Slots 16 inbar 12 for studs 11 provide a lost-motion connection which causes bar 12to impart4 vertical strokes to head 85 of sufiicient length to raise bar82 above the spines and greater than the strokes of presser-bars 62,t3.v

During the cutting-stroke of the cutter, the slivers will be bent intocurved contour as the cutting-edge progressively cuts the sliver fromthe rib, as illustrated in Fig. 10. There is also a tendency of theknife to twist the slivers. In

practice, it is-desired-.to have a spines symmet.

vThis bar exemplifies means for clamping the.

scribed, to permit the sheet with the raised spines to be fed forwardlyunder said bar and also to be lowered into position to coact with thebar 83 in shaping the spines. ends by arms 84 which are adapted to beswung vertically so it can be shifted into-and out of its operativeposition.. Bar 83 is also movable toY and from the anvil to cause it toengage the bent slivers and .straighten them. The bar 82 is retained inits lowered positionduring the cuttingl portion of' the forward. strokeof the cutter. Arms 84 which carry the bar 83 are pivotally connected tothe upper ends of levers l90.

cross-shaft 9|, which is journaled in the sideframes 20. Rockingmovement is imparted to levers 90 from the `arms 33 which carry thecross-` head 29, carrier 3| and the cutter 21 by means of links '92which are pivoted at 93 to levers 90 and studs 94 on arms 33,vrespectively, which extend through slots 95 in links 92. abutment-screws`9B at one end of slots 95 are engaged by studs 94 at the end of theretractile stroke of the cutter to shift levers 98. The upper ends oflevers 90- shift arms 84 Vhorizontally and to move bar 83 to and fromthe'bar 82. Arms 84 to which bar 83 is attached, are provided withinclined slots 91`into which extend stationary studs 98 which are fixedto the frame sides 28 to swing the bar 83 vertically. During the forwardstroke of levers 90 slots 91 engaging studs 98 will swing arms 84 tolower the straightening-bar into position behind the slivers, asillustrated in Fig.` 10 and also to operate said bar to press theslivers against the anvil face of bar 82'and thus shape the slivers toeliminate the curvature and twist in the slivers as illustrated in Fig.11. During the end of the retractile strokeof arms 33 and the cutter 21,studs 94 will engage screws 96 andfrock ,arms 90 backwardly, whichWillemse-studs Q8 @mere the M1583 '.upwerdly:

Bar 83 is carriedat itsy Thev lower ends of levers 90 are iixedlysecured to a Adjustable and rearwardly `and away from the anvil face offrame-sides 20. and each of `said rolls is provided withdiskslill-.whichare adapted to engage the web. of. the sheet .betweenthe raised spinesa3. Theserolls serve to.intermittently advance the sheet a distanceequal tothe spacing desired be.- tween the rows of spines and yare alsoadapted to straighten out any irregularities in the web of the 4sheetwhich have resulted from the raising of the spines. The rolls |00 arecoactively driven to ,grip and` engage the web of the sheet along threesuccessive lines. The rolls are each provided with .gears .|02 and aresimultaneously driven by idlers|03 between said gears. This gearing isrotated step-by-step to rotate disks i9 and advance the sheet toward theend of the retractilevastroke of the cutter 21. This gearing is operatedfrom shaft 9| which is operated by levers90, links 92 and arms 33, by anarm |04 which is fixed to shaft 9| (Fig. 5) and operates a pawl 10S-.toengage a ratchet-wheel |06 on the lower feed-roll |00 of the first pairof feed-rolls. A Vspring |01 is applied to pawl |05 to hold it inengagement-with ratchet |06. As the cutter 21 approachesthe end of itsretractile stroke, arm Illll willnbe operated to rotate ratchet |06 onestep .whichwilL through the gearing |02, |03', simultaneously loperatethe three pairs of feedrolls to Iadvance the sheet a distancecorresponding to the spacing between the spines, and roll outirregularities in the web a so that before the lcutter commences thesucceeding forward stroke the sheet will be advanced sufliciently tocause the cutter to penetrate the ribs al of the stock and ycut the nextrow of spines, as illustrated in Fig. 12,

In carrying out the method, a sheet of rilbbed stock is placed on thework-bed 23 with its front edge immediately beyond the bar 82. Theleading ends of the ribs a1 may be shaved off by any suitable means on aline corresponding to the path of the cutter 21 before work is placed inf the machine. Assuming the machine to be driven, the presser-bars 62,and 82 will be lowered to clamp the sheet :behind and in advance of thecutter so that before the cutter enters the ribs a1, the sheet will befirmly clamped on the work on the bed 23. During the continuation of theforward stroke, the cutter 21 will cut a row of slivers from the ribsalong the slightly arcuate lines indicated at c in Fig. l2. The cutterwill be shifted transversely to produce a shearing action. As the`cutter advances, the slivers will be bent upwardly and forwardly, asillustrated in Fig. 10, and some twisting thereof will result. As thecutter approaches the end of its forward stroke, studs 94 Aon arms 33,will operate links 92, levers 90, and arms 84 to move the bar 83downwardly and forwardly and press the slivers against the anvil face ofthe bar 82 and shape or flatten them. During the succeeding retractilestroke of the cutter, the presser-bars 62, 64 and 82 will be raised torelease the sheet and bar 82 will be raised to permit the spines to passunand iso-'advance thesheet into position for the* succeeding cut alongline c (Fig. 12). These rolls will also straighten out anyirregularities in the web of the sheet. l

In cutting the initial rows of spines', the sheet may be fed manuallyuntil the front edge of the work passes into the bite of the feed-rollsor, a dummy sheet can be hooked to the front edge of the ribbed sheet topull the latter step-by-step until it passes into the bite of the rstpair of feed-rolls. f

The invention exemplifies a method bywhich integral spines of suiicientlength for high eflicency in heat transfer are raised from metal sheetsfor use in fabricating heat transfer structures or walls, and by whichrows of spines are simultaneously cut from -ribbed sheets. This producesa method for a high ratio of production of sheets with integral spines.The method also provides means for shaping the spines after they havebeen raised from the sheet so they will be uniform in shape or parallel,for the flow of fluid between the spines.

The invention also exemplifies a machine for raising spines on sheets ofa high capacity of production and in which the sheet is firmly grippedto prevent irregularities in cutting which result from buckling, andwith means for shaping the spines to desired form after they have' Ibeenraised. The invention also exemplifies a Ina-chine which is simple inconstruction and in which the cutter is operated to raise and shear thespines from the ribs of the sheet.

The invention is not to be understood as restricted to the details setforth, since these may be modiiied within the scope of the appendedclaims, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Having thus described the invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a machine for raising spines from sheets of stock forheat-transfer, the combination of a bed for a sheet of stock, means forclamping a ribbed sheet of stock on the bed, means for cutting sliversfrom the ribs of the sheet and bending them away from the face of thesheet, mechanism for shifting the cutting-means to cut and bend theslivers, mechanism for operating the clamping-means to intermittentlyrelease the sheet, and mechanism for feeding the sheet between the cuts.

2. In a machine for raising spines from sheets of stock forheat-transfer, the combination of a bed for a sheet of stock, means forcutting a row of slivers from the sheet and bending them away from theface of the sheet, means for clamping the sheet of stock on the bed inadvance of and rearwardly of the cutting-means, means for impartingback-and-forth strokes to the cutting-means to cut and bend the slivers,means for feeding the sheet between the cuts, and means for operatingthe clamping-means to release the sheet between the cutting strokes.

3. In a machine for raising spines from sheets of stock forheat-transfer, the combination of a bed for a sheet of stock, means forcutting a row of slivers from the sheet and bending them away from theface of the sheet, means for clamping the sheet of stock on the bed inadvance of and rearwardly of the cutting-means, mechanism for impartingback-and-forth strokes to the cutting-means to cut and bend the slivers,mechanism for intermittently operating the clamping-means to release thesheet, means for feeding the sheet between the cuts, and means foroperating the clamping-means to release the sheet between the cuttingstrokes.

4. In a machine for raising spines from sheets of stock forheat-transfer, the combination of a bed for a sheet of stock, means forclamping a ribbed sheet of stock on the bed, a cutter adapted tosimultaneously cut a row of slivers from the ribs of the sheet and forbending them away from the face of the sheet, means for pivotallysupporting the cutter to cause it to move in an arcuate pathlongitudinally of the ribs, mechanism for shifting the arms to operatethe cutter back and forth, and mechanism for feeding the sheet betweenthe cuts.

5. In a machine for raising spines from sheets of stock forheat-transfer, the combination of a fbed for a sheet of stock, means forclamping la ribbed sheet of stock on the bed, a cutter adapted tosimultaneously cut a row of slivers from the ribs of the sheet and forbending them away from the face of the sheet, means for pivotallysupporting the cutter to cause it to move in an arcuate pathlongitudinally of the ribs, mechanism for shifting the arms to operatethe cutter back and forth, means for shifting the cutter transverselyofthe ribs during the cutting strokes, and mechanism for feeding thesheet between the cuts.

6. In a machine for raising spines from sheetsl of stock forheat-transfer, the combination of a bed for a sheet of stock, 'means forclamping the sheet of stock on the bed, means for cutting slivers andbending them away from one face of the sheet, mechanism for shifting thecuttingmeans *c cut and bend the slivers, mechanism for shaping the bentslivers after they have been raised comprising an element mounted tomove toward and away from the sheet to clear the path for the advance ofthe slivers, and mechanism for feeding the sheet between the cuts.

7. In a machine for raising spines from sheets of stock forheat-transfer, the combination of a bed for a sheet of stock, means forclamping the sheet of stock on the bed, means for cutting slivers andibending them away from one face of the sheet, mechanism for shiftingthe cuttingmeans to cut and bend the slivers, mechanism for shaping thebent slivers after they have been raised, comprising an anvil mounted tomove toward and away from the sheet to clear the path for the advance ofthe slivers after they have been shaped, and mechanism for feeding thesheet between the cuts.

8. In a machine for raising spines from sheets of stock forheat-transfer, the combination of a bed for a sheet of stock, means forintermittently clamping the sheet of stock on the bed, means for cuttinga row of slivers and bending them away from one face of the sheet,mechanism for shifting the cutting-means to successively cut and bendrows of slivers, an anvil movable to the front of the slivers as theyare being cut and movable out of the path of the slivers after they havebeen cut, a bar adapted to engage the raised slivers and shape themagainst the anvil, and means for shifting the anvil to and from thesheet and for moving the straightening-bar to shape the raisedsliversagainst the anvil.

9. In a machine for raising spines from sheets of stock forheat-transfer, the combination of a bed for a sheet of stock, means forclamping a ribbed sheet of stock on the bed, means for cutting `sliversfrom the ribs of the sheet and bending themaway from the face of thesheet;

mechanism for shifting the cutting-means to cut and bend the slivers,and rolls for engaging the sheet between the raised slivers tostraighten the web of the sheet.

10. In a machine for raising spines from sheets of stock forheat-transfer, the combination of a rbed for a sheet of stock, means forclamp-ing a ribbed sheet of stock on the bed, means for cutting sliversfrom the ribs of the sheet and bending them away from the face of thesheet, mechanism for shifting the cutting-means to cut and bend theslivers,'ro1ls for engaging the sheet between the raised slivers tostraighten the web of the sheet, and mechanism for operating the rollsto feed the sheet between cuts.

11. In a machine for raising spines from sheets of ribbed stock for heattransfer, the combination of a bed for the stock, means for securing thesheet on the bed, means for cutting and bending slivers from the ribs ofthe stock, extending across the sheet and crosswse of a series of ribsand movable for making a cut transversely through, and longitudinallyof, a series of ribs and bending a row of slivers away from the face ofthe sheet, mechanism for shifting the cutting and bending means toproduce a row of slivers during each of said cuts, and mechanism forfeeding the sheet between the cuts.

12. In a machine for raising spines from sheets of ribbed stock for heattransfer, the combination of a bed for the stock, means for securing thesheet of stock on the bed, a lcutter for cutting and bending sliversfrom the ribs of the stock, extending across the sheet and crosswse of aseries of ribs, and movable for making a. cut simultaneously andtransversely through, and

longitudinally of, a series of ribs and bending a row of slivers awayfrom the face of the sheet, mechanism for shifting the cutting andbending means to produce a row of slivers during each of said cuts, andmechanism for feeding the sheet between the cuts.

13. In a machine for raising spines from sheets of ribbed stock for heattransfer, the combination oi a bed for the stock, means for securing thesheet of stock on the bed, a cutter for cutting and bending slivers fromthe ribs of the stock, extending across the sheet and crosswse of aseries of ribs and movable for making a cut transversely through, andlongitudinally of, a series of ribs and bending a row of slivers awayfrom the face of the sheet, said cutter being movable crosswse of theribs, mechanism for shifting the cutting and bending meanslongitudinally and transversely to produce a row of slivers during eachof said cuts, and mechanism for feeding the sheet between the cuts.

14. In a machine for raising spines from sheets of ribibed stock forheat transfer, the combination of a bed for the stock, means forsecuring the sheet of stock on the bed, a cutter for cutting and bendingslivers from the ribs of the stock, extending across the sheet andcrosswse of a series of ribs and movable for making a cuttransverselythrough, and longitudinally of, gradually increasing depthin a series of ribs and bending a row of slivers away from the face ofthe sheet, mechanism for shifting the cutter to produce a row of sliversduring each of said cuts, and mechanism for feeding the sheet betweenthe cuts. l

HAROLD G. BARRETT.

